When I was faced with the same question you allude to, I used the spreedsheet/database on the spinward marches - figured out which planets would have trade with the planet in question, and then determined what the yearly trade by volume was between the trade partner and the planet in question. Then I determined what the weekly trade was and used the rules for determining how much trade between the world was established merchant trading (liners) versus how much was assigned to tramp freighter business. I used the arbitrary limitation that liners were ships of 800 dtons or larger, while tramp freighters were ships of between 100 dtons to 600 dtons, with the bulk around 200 dton ships.
Example I used for Ianic and surrounding trade partners...
</font><blockquote>code:</font><hr /><pre style="font-size:x-small; font-family: monospace;"> DIST Tonnage Max
Hex World Allegiance Parsec yr/wk Ships
1824 Adabicci Imperial 1 35,752/688 11
2124 Lunion Imperial 2 49,646/955 22
2327 Strouden Imperial 5 27,693/533 12
3124 Mora Imperial 12 7,399/142 3
2728 Duale Imperial 8 4,545/87 2
2036 Glisten Imperial 15 4,596/88 3
1223 Gram Sword World 7 4,127/79 2
2521 Heroni Imperial 6 2,251/43 1
2620 Natoko Imperial 7 3,205/62 1
2228 Persephone Imperial 6 3,244/62 1
2715 Porozlo Imperial 13 1,160/22 .5
2716 Rhylanor Imperial 12 1,475/28 .5
1325 Sacnoth Border World 6 5,137/99 2
2125 Shirene Imperial 2 2,543/49 1
1825 Zaibon Imperial 2 2,924/56 2
2024 Derchon Imperial 1 1,947/37 .5 </pre>[/QUOTE]Max Ships represents the maximum number of 200 dton free traders based on the cargo capacity of same for GURPS TRAVELLER. As you can see from the listing I produced, Ianic would receive some 65 200 dton free trader ships per week. In instances where the trade might have been a few 400 dton ships, they likely arrived from Lunion or Adabicci, as those two planets have the largest amount of trade involved. But it doesn't rule out 600 dton ships from those two ports, nor does it rule out Strouden or Glisten as ports that might have sent a larger free trader.
As you can see, this is not something you can determine just at a moment's notice, and requires some GM work in advance. But then again, if you do this for all the ports within a subsector in advance, you should be able to prepare something you can rest easy about. As pointed out by the others, you can always just create a random encounter type of thing and wing it.