I used to play a lot of RQII, roll to hit, roll location, roll damage
imagine our surprise when someone pointed out if you roll every die at the. same time it speeds things up
Coloured dice in Traveller allow you to do the same thing.
A hit roll is 2d, a damage resolution is usually 2 to 3 dice (sometimes 1 sometimes 4 or more)
Every different colour can provide a differeant data point in addition to the hit and damage. two of them could be designated as the dice needed for a 6 by 6 matrix if you want a more complete hit location, that sort of thing.