To see the value of a skill level, I think the best way is to see what does it allow you to do. As in CT the tasks were not defined, I'll use MT to compare with MGT. For my comparisons I'll assume relevant stats at 7, that gave a +1 DM in MT and 0 in MGT:
If you're not trained on a task (and not unskilled OK), in MT you would have a +1 with one difficulty level as a penalty, so, for an easy task, you'll need a 6+, for a medium, a 10+, and not able to try more difficult tasks (unless cautious). In MGT, your modifier would be -3, so you could try a symple task at +3 (5+), an easy task at +1 (7+), an average at -3 (10+) and you could even try a difficult one at -5 (12+).
With minimal training (level 0), rolls for easy, medium and difficult are 2+, 6+ and 10+ in MT, while 2-4+ (depending if referee rules it simple or easy), 8+ and 10+ in MGT, but in MGT you could also try a Very Difficult at 12+.
To be able to try formidable tasks in MT (equivalent to Very Difficult in MGT, I guess, as they are one level above difficult) you'd need level 2 in MT (target 12+), while with level 2, you'll achieve success in MGT on a 10+.
And finally, to be able to try an Impossible task in MT, equivalent to Formidable in MGT (as stated above, and also the most difficult task given in the game), you'd need skill level 6, while in MGT you can achieve it with skill 2.
Off course, that may be downgraded using cautious task in MT and spending more time in MGT, but while in MT the results are quite important, in MGT you only achieve a +1 to spend more time (by a factor of 6-10).
So, as I understand skills, MGT gives you less skill levels to your character, but those skills mean more training that in MT, as the same skill allows you to achieve harder results. It also gives you many 0 level skills, but forfeits the Unskilled OK (unless house ruled, I guess most referees will allow several such tasks, regardless of the rules).
No, so do I, and not formally, but neither does it forbid/limit retries.
I guess the term retry is used in two ways in traveller:
- The first way is to simply repeat a task you failed. Of course this is not available in instant (e.g. spotting something you can only see for an instant) or what would be labeled in MT as fateful tasks (e.g. to disarm a bomb just before it detonates). This is allowed until successful in MGT (so failure does only mean you'll need more time, unless some kind of misshap occurs), while it required a determination task in MT (so meaning your character became frustrated, and had to overcome frustration to keep trying).
- The second way is what is represented in MT by JOT skill, and is not featured in MGT. This represents the increased resourcefulness, and may be used most times when the referee thinks this resourcefulness will help (I remember one gaming season when the group Doctor saved one NPC by using this retries, and I assumed he left medicine aside and used true first aid techinques to stabilize him, acting more as socorrist than doctor). The fact of being fateful doen't in this case preclude those retries, IMO (the example given just above is about such use in a fateful task).