We need a variant of the thumbs down. I'd like to give your post a TD, but that would mean I didn't like your post - I do. My variant would be a lighthearted "Just shoot my idea out of the sky wydoncha?"
I'm guessing that phosphorous isn't already on Mars?
Actually, yes.
Phosphate minerals have been detected by multiple NASA rovers in locations like
Gusev Crater and
Jezero Crater.
But you face multiple options regarding that.
1) Ship mined and processed phosphates which can directly be added to any needed process
2) Add to the staffing of the colony an entire group of miners, haulers, processors and science staff to: A: recover the regolith, break it down to process it (requiring more machinery and sealed storage), Process the regolith to safely remove the phosphates from matrix, add properly measured and controlled phosphates to the proposed lot of soil.
As for "shoot my idea out of the sky wydoncha?"
I am sorry if you feel my comment was blunt but I expect the same treatment when my comments are off track. (And, there have been quite a few)
In the end, "currently", we are likely looking at two "Starship" passenger craft establishing a "one way" colony with (most likely) 200 colonists.
We expect they will likely arrive at a site where up to ten unmanned supply Starships have landed with a proposed 150 metric tons and even 250 metric tons each in "expendable mode".
So, we're talking ~200 people with no locally recoverable water or food, where the average Male takes in 3.7 liters and females take in 2.7 liters. So, a presumed maximum daily need would be 0.8157 metric tons.
So, 1 day's water "to survive" is almost a metric ton.
Where the supply starships pre-landed can deliver a max of 2,500 metric tons.
To last one year, that colony will demand 297.7305 metric tons - Which is "more than" the capacity of one lone supply ship.
And, that's just drinking water.
No food rations
No tools, construction supplies, etc.
So, add to the drinking water that tonnage of water additional fluids needed for the processes proposed.
Admittedly, this will not include attempts to wash Martian regolith, because all of the work must be devoted to deconstructing the starships on station for materials to create surface survival facilities.
Now, add the tonnage for food and other survival staples and the cargo space on those supply craft fall off more and more.
Considering that, many of the comments here, including yours, say "we can just do this", but don't consider that there would have to be machinery and specialists. Each ton of specialist machinery needed would have to be shipped from Earth whole or in parts. And, every specialist to operate those systems would have to be someone who either wore multiple hats or replaced a worker for habitat construction.
Yes, some proposals suggest we can just stack more and more jobs on the small population on-world. And those who suggest this should remember the rebellion of the Skylab 4 mission crew. Astronauts Gerald Carr, William Pogue, and Edward Gibson staged a "one-day" strike against their grueling, 16-hour-a-day workload. That and more recent events show that staff can't be unreasonably loaded down. So you need specialists where you have a limit how many people you can send. So, each specialist removes a general technician.
This is all logistics, and logistics can't be ignored by saying "this is easy"
Our history shows how very difficult it has been to spread across this planet. And as hard as that was, we didn't need to bring breathable air.
And we didn't have to replace the very soil on which we built.
So, I'm not just shooting your idea out of the sky.
We can dream of castles in the sky only so long as we build the foundations to keep them there.
But, I am sorry if you feel attacked