Constituting about 0.001 percent by weight of the Earth's crust, boron occurs combined as borax, kernite, and tincalconite (hydrated sodium borates), the major commercial boron minerals, especially concentrated in the arid regions of California, and as widely dispersed minerals such as colemanite, ulexite, and tourmaline. Sassolite—natural boric acid—occurs especially in Italy.
Pure crystalline boron may be prepared with difficulty by reduction of its bromide or chloride (BBr3, BCl3) with hydrogen on an electrically heated tantalum filament.
In nature, boron consists of a mixture of two stable isotopes—boron-10 (19.8 percent) and boron-11 (80.2 percent); slight variations in this proportion produce a range of ±0.003 in the atomic weight.