IMTU a Tainted atmosphere is not necessarily unbreathable... it is just something you do not WANT to breathe, i.e. it is very uncomfortable, and/or unhealthy on the long term. For those of you who´ve read the Honor Harrington novel, the planet Grayson is pretty much what I have in mind here.
That said, IMTU (T20) there is a Colonist character class that can choose as one of its bonus feats Atmospheric Adaptation, i.e. the possibility to breathe its domestic type of tainted atmosphere without discomfort or health risk.
@Sir Dameon:
If the fallout is Alpha particles, then it would act pretty much like a (OTU) tainted atmosphere. Alpha radiation is stopped by pretty much anything, including the human skin; it is dangerous only if you inhale contaminated dust, drink contaminated water, or eat something that has been exposed to either. It accumulates in the food chain, with us at the ultimate receiving end.