I have a Google Notebook (LM) set up with all my Traveller material for MgT2e (not including adventures, my library is complete) and running the first task on your list gave me this response:
"
The normal difficulty for a pilot to perform a clean take-off and achieve orbit is
Average (8+). (Solomani Front)
Factors Affecting Difficulty
While the standard check is Average, several conditions can modify the difficulty or requirements:
•
Thrust vs. Gravity: If a spacecraft has
less thrust available than the planet’s surface gravity, the difficulty of the check increases to
Difficult (10+). (Solomani Front)
•
High-Gravity Worlds: On worlds where gravity exceeds the ship's normal thrust, the pilot must utilize
overthrust or aerodynamic methods (such as rolling take-offs for streamlined ships) to reach orbit; these manoeuvres typically require a
Difficult (10+) Pilot check.
(Solomani Front)
•
Primitive Hulls: Vessels using reaction or plasma drives without gravitic lifters must generate at least
10% more thrust than the world’s gravity to lift toward orbit. Such a ship successfully reaches orbit only after it has accumulated
excess thrust equal to twice the world's gravity. (Spinward Extents)
•
Gravitic Vehicles: Light vehicles like air/rafts or grav bikes are capable of reaching orbit, but the process is slower, taking a number of hours equal to the
planetary size digit (e.g., Size 8 takes 8 hours).(LBB9 - I know, not MgT2e- and Robot Handbook)
•
Automation: Fully automated ships do not require checks for standard procedures like taking off or landing at a starport, provided they are operating in
fully-automated mode. (Aliens of Charted Space 2)
"
I ran down all the citations here; they're accurate with the digital materials I have. I'll leave the others for some other enterprising peeps to bang on.
