Maybe we've been luckyOriginally from Anthony:
Based on supernova frequency, the kill radius can't exceed ~20 pc, since that would result in a mass extinction every 100 MYr on average, which would be visible in the fossil record. At 50 pc, we'd be getting one every 6 MYr, which is clearly not true.

Yet another solution for the drake equation.
Earth has seen a mass extinction every 60 MYr or so. That's from all sources, but seems to come somewhat regularily. We're overdue as it happens.
That's from all sources however. Supernova are only one of these potential sources. Stellar collisions (two stars collide nearby), planetary impact (current dino-wiper theory), runaway thermal (either hot - venus, or cold - mars) are all other options.
Or in other words, even 20 pc may still be a little high.