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So, looking through book 3 on planet generation (T5.10). I can't find anything regarding gravity for worlds. Have I overlooked it or am I looking in the wrong place?
Very few of the Traveller world generators include the gravity generating formula. The problem is the density of the material in the world can vary and thereby give different values for gravity
Pg 251? Tucked away in the animal creation section? What an odd organizational choice.
P.S.
I finally found some reference to gravity and density on a page 56 table in the world mapping section. A better place to put it is probably with the system creation rules similar to MegaTraveller's World Builder Handbook.
Where G is gravity (in Gs) M is mass (in Earth's) and R is UWP size (0.6 for R)
Example: A UWP size 5 world has a mass of 0.161. Divinding 64 by 5 squared gives 2.56 . Multiplying 2.56 by the mass of 0.161 yelds a surface gravity of 0.41 g.
It looks like the T5.10 table on page 251 is assuming that the density of the planet is the same as Earth, which is 5.51 grams/cubic centimeter. If you change the density compared to Earth, you change the surface gravity. Mercury is considerably smaller than Mars, but because of its higher density, its surface gravity is the same.
Given the same density, the surface gravity scales directly with the diameter.
given the same diameter, gravity scales directly with the density.
So G's at surface = D×S/44 where D is density in g/cc and S is size digit.
And while indeed, Mars gravity is comparable to Mercury, it's Mars that's the outlier for rocky, not Mercury, but ceres and vesta both are light rocky bodies, too.